absent
更新时间:2026-07-16 07:53:56 栏目: 英语词典
更新时间:2026-07-16 07:53:56 栏目: 英语词典
"Absent"是英语中描述"不在场"或"缺失"状态的多面手词汇,既能描绘物理缺席,也能表达情感或注意力的缺失。其核心含义围绕"应该存在却未出现"的状态,在日常交流与正式场合中均高频使用。
词性与含义
主要用作形容词,描述"缺席的、不在场的;缺乏的;心不在焉的",也可作动词表示"缺席,使不在场"。
例:She was absent from school due to illness.(她因病缺课)
例:His absent mind led to many mistakes.(他的心不在焉导致诸多错误)
读音
英式 /ˈæbsənt/,美式 /ˈæbsənt/,重音均在首音节。
描述人或事物的不在场
最常见搭配为 be absent from,后接地点或事件,表示"缺席某地/某事",强调义务性场合的缺失。
学生缺席:Three members of the class were absent this morning.(今早班里三人缺席)
事物缺失:The book I needed was absent from the library.(我需要的书不在图书馆)
注意:不宜用于非义务性场合,如"缺席足球比赛"更自然的表达是"I never miss a football match"。
表达"缺乏"或"不存在"
描述抽象事物的缺失,如情感、特征等。
Snow is absent in his country.(他的国家不下雪)
There was an absence of joy in her eyes.(她眼中缺乏喜悦)
形容"心不在焉的"状态
可单独使用或构成复合词 absent-minded(心不在焉的),描述注意力不集中。
He looked at me in an absent way.(他茫然地看着我)
She was absent-minded while driving and almost hit another car.(她开车时心不在焉,差点撞车)
作为及物动词时,需用 absent oneself 结构,强调"主动缺席",多用于正式语境。
He absented himself from the meeting due to a personal emergency.(他因私人紧急事务缺席会议)
Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday?(你昨天为何缺课?)
| 搭配 | 含义与用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|---|
| be absent from | 缺席(某地/某事),核心搭配 | She was absent from work for two days.(她旷工两天) |
| absent-minded | 心不在焉的,作形容词 | The absent-minded professor forgot his keys.(心不在焉的教授忘了钥匙) |
| absent without leave (AWOL) | 军事术语,擅离职守 | The soldier went AWOL after arguing with his officer.(士兵与长官争吵后擅离职守) |
| in one's absence | 在某人缺席期间 | In her absence, the team completed the project.(她不在时,团队完成了项目) |
适用场合:优先用于课堂、会议、工作等"有义务出席"的场景,避免用于娱乐活动(如"缺席派对"可用"miss the party")。
词性区分:形容词表状态(He was absent),动词表动作(He absented himself)。
近义词替换:表示"缺失"时可用 missing(The document is missing),表示"离开"时可用 away(She is away on vacation)。
从描述学生缺课到科学家专注时的恍惚,"absent"以简洁形式捕捉了存在与缺失的微妙关系。下次想说"他今天没来开会"时,不妨试试"He was absent from the meeting",精准又自然。你还能想到哪些"缺席"的场景适合用它呢?