absent

更新时间:2026-07-16 07:53:56   栏目: 英语词典

"Absent"是英语中描述"不在场"或"缺失"状态的多面手词汇,既能描绘物理缺席,也能表达情感或注意力的缺失。其核心含义围绕"应该存在却未出现"的状态,在日常交流与正式场合中均高频使用。

核心释义与读音

词性与含义
主要用作形容词,描述"缺席的、不在场的;缺乏的;心不在焉的",也可作动词表示"缺席,使不在场"。
例:She was absent from school due to illness.(她因病缺课)
例:His absent mind led to many mistakes.(他的心不在焉导致诸多错误)

读音
英式 /ˈæbsənt/,美式 /ˈæbsənt/,重音均在首音节。

形容词用法:从物理缺席到精神游离

描述人或事物的不在场
最常见搭配为 be absent from,后接地点或事件,表示"缺席某地/某事",强调义务性场合的缺失。

学生缺席:Three members of the class were absent this morning.(今早班里三人缺席)

事物缺失:The book I needed was absent from the library.(我需要的书不在图书馆)
注意:不宜用于非义务性场合,如"缺席足球比赛"更自然的表达是"I never miss a football match"。

表达"缺乏"或"不存在"
描述抽象事物的缺失,如情感、特征等。

Snow is absent in his country.(他的国家不下雪)

There was an absence of joy in her eyes.(她眼中缺乏喜悦)

形容"心不在焉的"状态
可单独使用或构成复合词 absent-minded(心不在焉的),描述注意力不集中。

He looked at me in an absent way.(他茫然地看着我)

She was absent-minded while driving and almost hit another car.(她开车时心不在焉,差点撞车)

动词用法:主动选择的缺席

作为及物动词时,需用 absent oneself 结构,强调"主动缺席",多用于正式语境。

He absented himself from the meeting due to a personal emergency.(他因私人紧急事务缺席会议)

Why did you absent yourself from school yesterday?(你昨天为何缺课?)

高频固定搭配

 

搭配 含义与用法 例句
be absent from 缺席(某地/某事),核心搭配 She was absent from work for two days.(她旷工两天)
absent-minded 心不在焉的,作形容词 The absent-minded professor forgot his keys.(心不在焉的教授忘了钥匙)
absent without leave (AWOL) 军事术语,擅离职守 The soldier went AWOL after arguing with his officer.(士兵与长官争吵后擅离职守)
in one's absence 在某人缺席期间 In her absence, the team completed the project.(她不在时,团队完成了项目)

 

使用场景与注意事项

适用场合:优先用于课堂、会议、工作等"有义务出席"的场景,避免用于娱乐活动(如"缺席派对"可用"miss the party")。

词性区分:形容词表状态(He was absent),动词表动作(He absented himself)。

近义词替换:表示"缺失"时可用 missing(The document is missing),表示"离开"时可用 away(She is away on vacation)。

从描述学生缺课到科学家专注时的恍惚,"absent"以简洁形式捕捉了存在与缺失的微妙关系。下次想说"他今天没来开会"时,不妨试试"He was absent from the meeting",精准又自然。你还能想到哪些"缺席"的场景适合用它呢?