have
更新时间:2026-06-29 10:48:32 栏目: 英语词典
更新时间:2026-06-29 10:48:32 栏目: 英语词典
have 是英语中最灵活的动词之一,兼具实义动词和助动词功能,读音和用法需根据语境变化。其国际音标为 /hæv/(强读式)或 /həv/(弱读式),第三人称单数形式为 has,过去式和过去分词均为 had,现在分词为 having [7][12]。
表示“拥有、具有”
基本义为“持有某物”,主语通常为人或物。
I have a new bicycle.(我有一辆新自行车)
The house has a large garden.(这房子有个大花园)
语法提示:疑问句可用 "Do you have...?"(美式)或 "Have you...?"(英式),否定句用 "don't have" 或 "haven't" [8]。
表示“吃、喝、进行活动”
与名词搭配构成固定短语,替代具体动词。
have breakfast/lunch/dinner(吃早/午/晚餐)[4]
have a walk/bath/meeting(散步/洗澡/开会)
We had a good time at the party.(我们在派对上玩得很开心)
表示“经历、遭遇”
包括疾病、事件等体验。
She had a cold last week.(她上周感冒了)[6]
They had their money stolen.(他们的钱被偷了)
使役用法:“让某人做某事”
结构为 have + 宾语 + 动词原形(不带 to 的不定式)。
Have him call me back.(让他给我回电话)
I had the tailor mend my coat.(我让裁缝补了外套)
构成完成时态
后接过去分词,用于现在完成时(have/has done)或过去完成时(had done)。
I have finished my homework.(我已完成作业)
She said she had seen the movie.(她说她看过这部电影)
have to:表示“不得不、必须”
强调客观必要性,相当于 must,但 must 侧重主观意愿。
You have to wear a seatbelt in the car.(乘车必须系安全带)[5]
It's raining, so we have to stay indoors.(下雨了,我们不得不待在室内)
have got:口语中等同于 have,表示“拥有”(如 I've got a pen)[11]。
had better:表示“最好做某事”,后接动词原形(You had better leave now.)[6]。
have trouble (in) doing sth.:做某事有困难(She has trouble learning English.)。
have a lot on one's plate:委婉表示“很忙”(I can't help— I have a lot on my plate.)。
| 用法 | 例句 |
|---|---|
| 拥有 | He has two sisters.(他有两个姐妹) |
| 完成时态 | We have lived here for 10 years.(我们住这儿10年了) |
| 使役结构 | They had the walls painted blue.(他们让人把墙刷成了蓝色) |
| 固定短语 | Have fun!(玩得开心!) |
总结:have 的多义性使其成为英语中的“万能动词”,掌握其基本义、固定搭配及语法功能,能显著提升表达灵活性。你还遇到过哪些让你困惑的 have 用法吗?