好的，我们来以百科式、标准化的方式整理 surname 的信息，包括音标、意思、用法、例句和短语搭配。

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Surname

音标

英式发音：/ˈsɜː.neɪm/
美式发音：/ˈsɝː.neɪm/

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基本意思

surname（名词）：姓氏，家族名称，用于区分个人的家族背景。
surname（动词，少用）：给…取姓，给…加姓氏。

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翻译

中文：姓，姓氏

英文解释：a name shared by members of a family, typically passed down from one generation to the next

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用法

作名词使用最常见

用于表格、注册、官方文件等填写姓氏的地方。

通常位于 given name（名）之后。

 

作动词使用较少

多见于文学或正式文件中，表示“给某人加上姓氏”。

 

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例句（10句）

What is your surname?

His full name is John Smith, and Smith is his surname.

Please write your surname in capital letters.

She changed her surname after getting married.

Many people in that region share the same surname.

The surname Johnson is very common in the United States.

He signed the document with his surname only.

In formal situations, people are often addressed by their surname.

Historically, surnames were often derived from occupations.

Her surname indicates that she comes from a noble family.

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短语搭配

family surname 家族姓氏

maiden surname （女性）婚前姓氏

surname origin 姓氏来源

surname change 改姓

last name or surname （美国常用）姓

double surname 双姓

common surname 常见姓氏

official surname 官方姓氏

surname database 姓氏数据库

surname registration 姓氏登记

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如果你需要，我可以帮你整理一个 surname 的发音练习方法和常见误读纠正表，这样学习起来会更标准、更地道。

你希望我帮你整理吗？