abstain

基本释义

单词：abstain
音标：/əbˈsteɪn/ （英式、常见发音），/æbˈsteɪn/ （美式）
词性：动词（vi.）

中文翻译：

戒除（尤指对健康或道德有害的事物），例如戒酒、戒烟

弃权（尤指投票时）

自制，不参与

词源

源自拉丁语 abstinere，由 ab-（离开）+ tenere（握住、控制）组成，意为“控制自己不去做某事”。

用法

abstain from sth. 表示“戒除某物”或“避免做某事”。

例如：abstain from alcohol（戒酒）、abstain from smoking（戒烟）。

 

abstain from doing sth. 表示“避免做某个动作”。

例如：He abstained from commenting.（他避免发表评论。）

 

abstain in a vote 表示在投票中“弃权”。

例如：Ten members abstained in the final vote.

 

常见短语搭配

abstain from alcohol 戒酒

abstain from smoking 戒烟

abstain from meat 戒食肉类

abstain from sex 禁欲

abstain from voting 弃权投票

例句（10句）

He decided to abstain from drinking for health reasons.

Ten members of the council abstained from voting.

Muslims abstain from food and drink during daylight hours in Ramadan.

She abstains from eating meat because she is a vegetarian.

The doctor advised him to abstain from smoking.

Some members abstained rather than vote against their party.

He abstained from making any comments on the issue.

They chose to abstain from participating in the protest.

Pregnant women are often advised to abstain from alcohol.

A number of delegates abstained in the final decision.

总结

abstain 作为一个动词，核心含义是“克制、避免、戒除”以及“投票弃权”。在日常生活中，常见于健康（如戒酒、戒烟）、宗教（如禁食、禁欲）、政治（投票弃权）等语境。

要不要我再帮你整理一个对比表，把 abstain, refrain, avoid 这三个常见近义词的区别也加进去？